Global distribution: There are 23 vulture species spread across the world, except the continents of Australia and Antarctica. Old World vultures live in Africa, Asia and Europe, and New World vultures in the Americas. 

Nature’s clean-up crew: Vultures consume dead animal remains, likely preventing the spread of diseases, keeping the environment clean, and recycling nutrients back into the soil, which helps to sustain healthy ecosystems.

Powerful stomachs: Vultures have strong stomach acid, with a pH level of up to 1.5, which allows them to safely feed on animal carcasses and remove harmful bacteria and viruses from the environment.

Keen senses: Old World vultures rely on sharp eyesight to spot carcasses, while some New World vultures also use their excellent sense of smell, detecting carrion from kilometres away.

Large flying birds: Some vulture species are among the largest flying birds. The Andean Condor boasts a wingspan of 3.2 metres (10.5 feet) and weighs up to 15kg.

Conquering high altitudes: The Rüppell’s vulture holds the record for the highest-flying bird when an individual was documented reaching the altitude of 11,300 metres (37,000 feet) – matching the height of many commercial passenger jets!  

Social birds: Many species, like Griffon Vultures, are social and often gather in large groups, called communal roosts. They establish social hierarchies, cooperate during feeding, and communicate through vocalisations, body language, and visual displays. Some even engage in mutual grooming to strengthen social bonds and keep feathers clean.

Avian cosmetics: Egyptian Vultures and Bearded Vultures are among the few bird species that use “makeup” by applying reddish mud to their feathers. While the exact reason remains a mystery, some speculate that this behaviour may signal status.

Brainy birds: Vultures are intelligent birds, with at least one species, the Egyptian Vulture, even capable of using tools. Their use of rocks to crack open ostrich eggs showcases their problem-solving abilities and cognitive sophistication, challenging the misconception that vultures are unintelligent.

Long lifespans: Vultures tend to have long lifespans, with certain species living over 40 years, making them some of the longest-lived birds.

Energy-saving travelling: Vultures are masters of energy-efficient travel. They mostly soar instead of flapping, conserving their energy. The Andean Condor spends only 1% of its time flapping its wings, relying on thermal updrafts to glide effortlessly. This adaptation allows them to travel hundreds of kilometres in a single day while searching for food.

Cultural significance: Vultures have been revered in various cultures and religions, often seen as symbols of purification and renewal.

Reducing carbon emissions: Vulture populations worldwide help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by consuming dead animals, preventing up to 60.70 Tg of CO2 from being released annually during decomposition or disposal. That’s equivalent to the emissions from 12-13 million cars each year.

Loyal partners: Vultures typically form monogamous pairs and prefer secluded nesting locations such as cliffs, caves, or tall trees. For instance, Cinereous Vultures construct large nests using twigs, often reaching 2 metres in width and 1 metre in depth, on top of trees. They return to the same nest each year, carrying out repairs as necessary, showcasing their loyalty to their home.

Dedicated parents: Vultures are some of the most dedicated and caring parents in the animal world. Both male and female vultures typically take turns incubating their eggs and are equally involved in raising their chicks.

Threatened with extinction: Vultures are the most threatened group of birds. Around 70% of all vulture species are at risk, classified as Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered.

Threats and conservation: Many vulture species face threats such as poisoning, illegal killing, habitat loss, and electrocution and collision with energy infrastructures. Conservation and research efforts are essential to protect and conserve these birds.

Join the global celebration of International Vulture Awareness Day! This is your chance to support vultures and their vital conservation efforts. Spread the word about these remarkable birds and their crucial role in our ecosystem. Share these fascinating facts with your friends and family and use our social media toolkit to amplify the message.

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